Measuring device



Patented Sept. 29, 1925.

UNITED STATES- EEIIH'UT SELL, OF SIEMENSSTADT, NEAR BERLIN,

GERMANY, ASSIGNOR 'ro sr'nmmrs a HALSKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF SIEHENSSTADT, NEAR BERLIN, GERMANY, A.

CORPORATION OF GERMANY.

MEASURING DEVICE.

Application filed October 8 0,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HELMUT SELL, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Siemensstadt, "near Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in. Measuring Devices, of which the following is a specification.

My invention-relates to a device'or applianoe forv measuring sound energy or electric 0 values determining such energy.

M invention is based upon the discovery or o servation that oscillations of a gaseous medium are distorted in a peculiar manner when'passing through a narrow orifice, for

instance the opening of a nozzle. It has been ascertained that at some places of the space at the back of the nozzle the amplitude of the waves or oscillations is reduced in an extraordinary degree and at other places it is greatly increased. My invention utilizes this fact in the measuring of the various values. According to my invention a movable indicating element, for instance a pointer mechanism, the'deflection of which 25 is a measure for the intensity of the oscillationsof the gaseous medium emanating from the oscillating element is dis osed at the places of the space at the bac of the outlet opening, where the am litude of the 80 oscillations reaches a particularly high value. v

Several embodiments of my invention are shown diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings by way of example. .The

85 drawings illustrate in Fig.v .1 the combination of a telephone receiver, a stationary nozzle mounted upon the casing of said telephone receiver and a pointer mechanism,

Figs. 2, 2", 2 details of construction in stationary nozzles, n I

Fig. 3 the combination of an electromagnet with spring-controlled armature, a

. movable nozzle and a pointer mechamsm,

Fig. 4 the combination of two telephone receivers with two stationary nozzles and a pointer mechanism, which is adapted in each of its end positions to close a relay circuit and p v Fig. 5 .the combination of two electromagnets with spring-controlled aramatures, two' movable nozzles and a pointer mechanism ada ted to close a relay circuit in each of its en positions. v

. set

1923. Serial no. 671,770.

Similar plarts are indicated by the same refefence c aracters throughout all the figures of the drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the oscillations or waves of 'a gaseous medium act upon a disc or light piston 1 00 adapted to move in a circular cylinder- 6 and connected with a spring-controlled ointer, so that the value of the force may e read oil on the scale 12 by the deflection of the pointer. Upon the casing 9 of a telephone 66 receiver 8 is placed a nozzle 2. If an alternating current is passed through the coils 7 of the telephone, the diaphragm 8 is into oscillations which are transmitted through the gaseous medium and after pass-, ing through the nozzle 2 act upon the piston 1. The nozzle 2 is arranged at an appropriate distance in front of the mouth of the cylinder 6, as the distribution of the areas of positive and negative pressure. depend 75 upon the position of the nozzle.

The construction of the nozzle is natu rally of great importance for the action of the apparatus. In the Figs. 2*, 2 2 suitable constructions of stationary nozzles are so shown in cross-section. It is an inherent feature of nozzles that the forward and backward flow of the particles of air cannot take place in the same manner. While during the escape of the air the path of the air through the opening of the nozzle through which every escaping particle-of air isobligedto pass is prescribed, all backwards flowing particles will by no means enter the opening again. According to the shape of the outer surface the return flow will take place along other paths, just as the internal shape and configuration of the nozzle determines the shape of the issuing jet. All the figures show the same shape of the internal walls, while the shape of .the external walls changes. In Fig. 2 affunnelshaped insertion 17 is provided inside the nozzle, which has comparatively very little effect during the escape of the air, but which facilitates the return ofthe air into the nozzle owing to the partial vacuum set up in the interior of the nozzle.

Fig. '3 illustrates a combination-f of the oscillatory element 16 excited by an electromagnet 13 and provided-with a-perforated element 14, which is constructed in the manner of a shutter.- The oscillatory element 16 has the form of a leaf spring fixed at one end. This flat spring carries the element 14 which in cooperation with the small orifice in theend plate 10 of the circular cylinder 6 acts upon the piston 1 of the pointer mechanism. Otherwise the appliance corresponds with the one shown in Fi 1.

In the device illustrated in Fig. 4 two impact surfaces 21., 21,, are firmly fixed upon the pointer 11 which may turn about the spindle 5. The action of gravity upon the pointer -is counterbalanced by two weights 26 26 arranged adjustably upon extension arms 23., 23 of the pointer 11. The pointer is shown in one end position, the other being indicated by broken lines. Two sources f sound are provided in the form of the diaphragms 8 8 of two telephones receivers, 8, 8 the exciter coils 7 7 of which are connected in series and joined to the line terminals 22. Stationary nozzles 2 2 are mounted upon the casings 9 9 of the telephone receivers. The oscillations of the gaseous mediums emanating from the diaphragm 8 act after their passage through the nozzle 2 on the impact surface 21 of the pointer 11, while the oscillations emanating from the diaphragm 8 act upon the impact surface 21... As the oscilla tions of both diaphragms are affected to the same extent by fluctuations of the line voltage, the position of the pointer upon the scale 12 remains unchanged, if the telephone receivers correspond exactly with each other. If, however, the natural frequencies of the diaphragms 8 8 are slightly out of tune in relation to each other, the pointer 11 moves across the scale 12 during frequency fluctuations of the line voltage.

Upon the pointer 11 there are, furthermore, fixed contacts 19., 19 adapted to cooperate with countercontacts 18 18 In each end position of the pointer relay circuits 20 20,, with a common feeder battery 24 are closed by the said contacts. In the position of the pointer shown the circuit is,

for instance, closed and the current flows from the battery 24 across the pointer spindle 5, the pointer 11, contact 19., con tact 18 and the relay 25 back to the other pole of the battery 24. These relays may be employed for the control of any operations.

In this arrangement the ratio of the forces of the oscillations emanating from the two diaphragms effects the adjustmentof the pointer.

In Fig. 5 an apparatus is shown, in which the difference of the forces of the oscillating medium affects the adjustment of the pointer 11. Upon the pointer 11, which is rotatably suspended upon the spindle 5, is fixed at the lower end a disc 1,. This disc 1 is situated between two movable bodies 14., 14 acting like nozzles, which are fixed upon two leaf springs 16,, 16 The leaf springs 16., 16 the natural frequencies of which diifer somewhat from each other, are firmly clamped at their other ends and stand under the influence of the electro-magnets 13 13 The electro-magnets 13 13 are connected in series and an alternating current source for their excitation is assumed to be connected at 22. The electro-magnets set the leaf springs 16., 16 into oscillations and the gaseous medium passing through the fixed nozzles affects the adjustment of the pointer. Upon the pointer are fixed contacts 19., 19 which in cooperation with countercontacts 18 18 are adapted to close a relay circuit 20,, 20 which is fed by the batteries 24 24 The relays 25 25,, may be employed tocontrol any desired operations.

The devices illustrated in the drawings by way of example may, for instance, .be useful for measuring especially small sound energies. The strength of the sound may, however, also be empIoyed as a measure for the frequency of alternating currents, the intensity of alternating currents or interrupted continuous currents and similar values. It will be understood that instead of the pointer a ray of light may be employed as indicator and that various changes may be made in the device by those skilled in the art without departin from the spirit of the invention or sacrifi cing any of its advantages.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is j 1. In a measuring device, the combination of an element adapted to be set into oscillation and arranged in a gaseous medium, a body containing a small orifice through; which owing to the movement of said oscillating element the said gaseous medium is adapted to be forced in the form of a jet and an indicating element movably disposed tion of an element adapted to be set into oscillation by an electric current and disposed in a gaseous medium, a body containing a small orifice through which owing to the movement of said oscillating element the said gaseous medium is adapted to be forced in the form of a jet and an indicating element movably disposed at some distance in front of said orifice distinctly within the zone of said jet, within which the jet energy alone is effective.

3. In a measuring device, the combination of a magnetic element adapted to be set into oscillation and arranged in a gaseous medium, an electro-magnet the variable magnetic field of which is adapted to set said magnetic element into oscillation, a

body containing a small orifice through which owing to the movement of said oscillating element the said gaseous medium is adapted to be forced in the form of a jet and an indicating element movably disposed at some distance in front of said orifice distinctly within the zone of said jet, within which the jet energy alone is effective.

4. In a measuring device, the combination of a magnetic element adapted to be set into oscillation and arranged in a gaseous medium, an electro-magnet the variable magnetic field of which is adapted to set said magnetic element into oscillation, a nozzle through which owing to the movement of said oscillating element the said gaseous medium is adapted to be forced in the form of a jet and an indicating element movably disposrd at some distance in front of said nozzl distinctly within the zone of said jet, within which the jet energy alone is effective.

5. In a measuring device, the combination of a.-telephone receiver the diaphragm of which is arranged in a gaseous medium and adapted to be set into oscillation by alternating currents passing through the exciter coils of said telephone receiver, a nozzle through which owing to the movement of said oscillating element the said gaseous media 11 is adapted to be forced in the form of a jet and an indicating element movably disposed at some distance in front of said nozzle distinctly within the zone of said jet, within which the jet energy alone is effective. 1

6. In a measuring device, the combination of a telephone receiver the diaphragm of which is arranged in a gaseous medium and adapted to be set into oscillation b alternating currents passing through the exciter coils of said telephone receiver, a casing detachably mounted on the casing of the telephone receiver, a nozzle in said detachable casing, so that owing to the oscillations of said diaphragm the said gaseous medium is forced in the form of a jet through said nozzle, and an indicating element movably disposed at some distance in front of said nozzle distinctly within the zone of said jet, within which the jet energy alone is effective.

7. In a measuring device, the combination of two elements ada ted to be set into oscillation and arrange in a gaseous medium,v

two electro-magnets adapted to set said elements into oscillation by means of the varia tions of the intensities of their magnetic field, two bodies containing small orifices through which said gaseous medium is adapted to, be forced in the form of jets owing to the oscillations of .said elements and an indicating. element disposed between said orifices and distinctly within a zone in which said two jets alone exert forces directed in opposite senses.

8. In a measuring device, the combination of two elements adapted to be set into oscillation, said elements having natural frequencies differing from each other and being arranged in a gaseous medium, two

electro-magnets adapted to set said elements into oscillation by meansrof the variations of the intensities of their magnetic field, two bodies containing small orifices through which said gaseous medium is adapted to e forced in the formof jets owing to the oscil lations of said elements and an indicatingi element [disposed between said orifices an distinctly within a zone in which said two jets alone exert forces directed inopposite senses.

9. In a measuring device, the combination of two telephone receivers arran ed in a gaseous medium, the diaphragm 0 said receivers being adapted to be set into oscillation by means of alternating currents excitingthe coils of said receivers, two nozzles through which said gaseous medium. is adapted to be forced in the form of jets owing to the oscillations of said dia hragms,

and an indicating element dispose between said nozzles and distinctly within a zone,

in which said two jets aloneexert forces directed in opposite senses.

10. In a measuring device, the combination of two telephone receivers arranged in a gaseous medium and the diaphragms of which areadapted to be set into oscillation by alternating currents exciting the coils connected in series of said tele hone receivers, two nozzles through w ich said .gaseous medium is adapted to be forced in the form of jets owing to oscillations of said diaphragms, and a pointer mechanism disposed between said telephone receivers and adapted to be operated by the differential of the power of the jets of said medium.

11. The method of indicating gas-oscillation by mechanical movement consisting o directin the oscillating gas through a narrow ori co in form of a jet and operating a mechanical element arranged at some dis tance before said orifice and distinctly within the zone of the jet within which the jet energy alone is effective.

In testimony whereof I aflix m s1 ature. 

